1. Introduction -- 2: African Seaports in Transition, 1850-1880s -- 3: Port systems and regional hierarchies in Africa in the long term -- 4: Modernization and development of the Moroccan port model during the Protectorate (1912-1956) -- 5: Seaports of the Gulf of Guinea, c.1970-2018:...

This paper considers how the conditionality inherent in HIPC debt relief should be constituted to promote pro-poor policies. There are two dimensions to this. First, the extent to which the policies proposed are pro-poor. Second, the potential for releasing resources for pro-poor expenditures....

This paper assesses the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and their impact on the economic performance of small- and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) of three East African countries: Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. Findings of the paper suggest that the diffusion of ICT among...

This evaluation of the EU’s cooperation with the Eastern Africa, Southern Africa and the Indian Ocean region (EA-SA-IO) aims to: - Provide an overall and independent assessmentof the past and current cooperation. - Identify lessons learned and make recommendations to inform current and future...

The central scope of the evaluation is the Commission’s co-operation strategy with the region of Eastern and Southern Africa and the Indian Ocean (ESA-IO) and its implementation for the period 1996-2007 with the objective of: -providing the European Commission’s relevant external cooperation...