The argument of this paper proceeds in three stages. It begins by criticizing the tendency in recent debates on sub-state nationalism in Europe to avoid the deeper questions of political morality concerning the entitlement (or otherwise) of these sub-state nations that are separating from...

Joseph Weiler’s 1991 article, The Transformation of Europe (TOE), was undoubtedly a landmark in European legal scholarship, but it also marked a watershed in its author’s own approach to the European project. European legal scholarship was never the same after TOE, but nor was Joseph...