The exchange rate is a key macroeconomic factor that affects international trade and the real economy of each country. The development of international trade creates conditions where volatility comes with the exchange rate. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of real effective...

This paper investigates the presence of the relationship between private and government consumption through panel data techniques. Using a panel from different transitional countries, from 1990 to 2003, it applies the panel cointegration and causality methodologies. The study finds statistical...