In mail and wire fraud cases, defendants sometimes argue that they cannot be convicted because the people they deceived … Term, the Supreme Court is poised to decide a bank fraud case, Shaw v. United States, which could cause the lower courts to … rethink their mail and wire fraud precedent on convergence. This Essay argues that such a result would be both wrong and …

This chapter focuses on the measurement of institutional convergence in the new EU member states and four Southern … European EU member countries. Previous studies have used perception data or expert surveys at the country level to quantify … corruption risks in public procurement in European countries. We use a contract-level dataset from 2006 to 2018 with more than 3 …

Most of the studies on convergence in regional GDP per capita estimated (beta) convergence among EU regions, at both EU …-15 and EU-27 level. However, the speed of convergence is not constant either in time or between regions. Results for … of the EU-27 regions from 1995 to 2009, using (cause-specific) mortality and life expectancy at birth. Three are the …

health) to assess and compare the performance of 15 European welfare states (EU15) over a 12-year period from 1995 to 2006 …