financial crisis. We develop a measure of local credit supply that is based on the market shares of the banks that serve a local … economy and the national change in each bank's lending that is attributable to supply factors (i.e. Purged of local demand … and in the areas that are more dependent upon external finance. Finally, credit supply shocks affected lending but not …

banks during the slump of the real economy that followed the financial crisis. In particular, we seek to quantify the …

of individual balance sheets from more than 400 banks, Patrice Baubeau, Eric Monnet, Angelo Riva & Stefano Ungaro show … main commercial banks. The primary transmission channel was a flight-to-safety of deposits from banks to savings … institutions and the central bank, leading to a major, persistent disruption in business lending. In line with the gold standard …

This paper focuses on the access of independent French SMEs to bank lending and analyzes whether the observed evolution … investment projects or was "supply driven" with an increase in credit "rationing" stemming from a more cautious behavior of banks …. Based on a sample of around 60,000 SMEs, we come to the conclusion that, despite the stronger standards used by banks when …

rationing was more widespread and less related to firms' potential growth. Lending relationships facilitated access to the … banks which are more involved in firms' financing have better information and stronger incentives to use it …

This paper focuses on the access of independent French SMEs to bank lending and analyzes whether the observed evolution … investment projects or was "supply driven" with an increase in credit "rationing" stemming from a more cautious behavior of banks …. Based on a sample of around 60,000 SMEs, we come to the conclusion that, despite the stronger standards used by banks when …

reforms that imposed substantial compliance costs on commercial and investment banks and some of their borrowers. I ask … whether increases in regulation-related costs reduced bank lending in the aftermath of both financial crises and discuss …