-industrial economic conditions. We hypothesize that if these countries are arrayed on a continuum of pre-industrial development such as …

components in the development of the continent: law, democracy and quality of government. Political regimes of democracy, polity …

poorer development outcomes. However, systematic cross-country evidence on the deleterious effects of clientelism on … development outcomes is lacking. In this paper we examine the relationship between political clientelism, public goods provision …, and governance quality using cross-country panel data for 161 countries for the period 1900-2017. We distinguish between …

-building processes. This paper explores one such dynamics-the forms of governance exercised by armed groups during wartime-and proposes a … theoretical framework outlining how forms of wartime governance affect trajectories of state-building in the aftermath of civil … governance: how armed groups build institutional capacity in wartime and the characteristics of wartime civilian rule by armed …