The COVID-19 pandemic has had severe economic consequences in Southern Africa, resulting in an unprecedented decline in production and employment. Similar policy responses have emerged across the region, centred on temporary and inadequate relief for workers and businesses; very limited fiscal...

Introduction / D.A. Kotzé -- Underdevelopment and dependency / A.B. Emmett -- Some historical perspectives / J.A. van der Merwe -- African socialism / H.J. Swanepoel -- Humanism in Zambia / J.A. van der Merwe -- Black communalism in South Africa / H.J. Swanepoel -- Capitalism in Botswana /...