to diversify export portfolios through exporting to Asia. Each African nation has a distinct main trade partner in Asia …, in contrast to the common view that China has become the dominant trade partner of most African nations. Using a panel … with exports to the rest of the world, suggesting that in contrast to trade diversion, trade with Asia complements exports …

favours openness to trade at an early stage of development, while an autocrat complying with the preferences of capitalists … chooses to shelter the economy from trade. The trade regime interacts with economic institutions, and with policies on capital … economy attractive to foreign investors. Allowing for trade and foreign capital inflows are thus complementary policies that …

Recent evidence suggests that automation technologies entail a trade-off between productivity gains and employment … losses for the economies that adopt them. This paper casts doubts on this trade-off in the context of a developing country … plausible reasons for the absence of this trade-off. First, it documents the presence of diminishing productivity returns to …