The study presents archival evidence to show how President Kaunda raised political and economic exclusivity in Zambia in the early years of Zambia's independence, and how this retarded capital investment. Despite formal reforms and a new government, this institutional mechanism still dominates...

Latin American governments increasingly want to attract external capital to increase economic growth and adjust to external shocks. However, their concurrent desire to retain national sovereignty has frequently conflicted with the aim of creditors to receive payment for providing this capital....