incidence of destitution among poor older people by 95 per cent. In Chile TFPs considerably improved their poverty reduction …, TFPs have generally been effective in reducing poverty and indigence. In Brazil rural social assistance pensions cut the …

's employment share declined, but most new jobs were in services. Concurrently, poverty incidence declined dramatically. Income …. Economic growth combined with structural change contributed to poverty reduction, but the magnitude of this impact depends … heavily on the poverty line used in calculating poverty. The Thai data support the Kuznets hypothesis of an inverted U …

its great success in poverty reduction, China has witnessed rapidly increasing income inequality which only began to …