During the first wave of COVID-19 infections, Kerala, a state in southern India, successfully managed to contain the …19 infections in the state in a second wave also ascertains this fact. While the rest of India recovered from the second … unravelling of the Kerala model of pandemic management. We analyse the role and impact of clientelism and political hegemony of …

many distortions observed in practice, including patronage, variations in contract enforcement and the role of political …

Offering employment in the public sector in exchange for electoral support (patronage politics) and vote-buying are … levels of employees in the private sector, and, thereby, the costs and effectiveness of vote-buying and patronage. We show … that when the politician can use both clientelistic instruments simultaneously, his opportunity cost for clientelism in …

The introduction of economic reforms in India, particularly reforms in the banking sector, although boosted and edged … up the profits and improved efficiency of the banks, an unwarranted consequence was the decline in credit to the less … regions and states. This study examines the role of banks in the different states of India in the post-reform period and …