There is a growing interest in morale as a potential substitute for sanctions, encouraged by exerimental evidence that people's morale affect their economic decisions. I show that while morale may be a substitute for sanctions for each citizen, it is not a substitute in the market. In a model...

Along with intensified efforts to combat aggressive tax planning, observed at the international, the EU and national levels, the question of moral status of tax avoidance becomes acute. We are far from consensus as to how it should be answered.The main purpose of this paper is to present and...

If “tax avoidance” means “contriving legal transactions that reduce tax in ways that are contrary to legislative policy”, then “evasion” is illegal reduction and “mitigation” is unexceptionable reduction. Apparently, tax avoidance may occur endogenously, within the existing...