the consequences for developing countries' processes of structural change. The results suggest a clear role for fertilizer … agriculture and increases of non-agricultural value added per capita. The identification strategy for the effect of fertilizer … includes a novel instrumental variable that exploits variation in global fertilizer price, interacted with the inverse distance …

family environment. This paper presents a theory of growth in which human capital is determined by inheritable factors and … fertility rates and reducing output growth in the transitional dynamics. If human or physical stocks are sufficiently low, the … model shows that an economy can be caught in a fertility-caused poverty trap, while countries with more resources will …

-region growth model with endogenous fertility, in which public knowledge spillovers from the more advanced core into children …