All countries have had defining moments which have brought about important transformations in their economies and societies. These turning points, which may be triggered by wars, new technologies and markets, or crises, require new policies and reforms to help countries adapt to the fresh...

This book analyses the main historical turning points in the Spanish economy and the related challenges it faced. It focuses on six turning points that changed the direction of the Spanish economy, and identifies the economic, social or political origin of these watersheds. It also compares the...

Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. 1808: The Napoleonic Wars and the Loss of the American Colonies -- Chapter 3. 1898: The “Fin de siècle” crisis -- Chapter 4. 1936: Frustrated hopes: the Great Depression, the Second Republic, and the Civil War -- Chapter 5. 1959: The Stabilization Plan...