Massive deposits of shale gas are now potentially accessible, thanks to the development of innovative technologies like fracking and deep water drilling. Despite some clear negatives — water and air pollution near production sites, the risks of deep water drilling, and political opposition to...

Between 1997 and 2014, US corn, soybean and cotton production almost fully converted to genetically modified crops. Starting around 2007, improved tight oil and shale gas technologies turned the declining US fossil fuel production into a booming industry. We study the effects of these two...