health‐damaging pollution into a three period overlapping generations model in which life expectancy, fertility and economic … positive relation between fertility rates and pollution. According to this, the causality on this relation may also work from … pollution and income per capita …

Air pollution is a global public health threat, responsible for more deaths annually than conventional lifestyle risk … factors. While the link between particulate pollution and cardiovascular disease is well-established, evidence for gaseous … for more research on the effects of air pollution in developing nations. We highlight a complex trade-off: greater SO2 …

Macroeconomic costs of conflict are generally very large, with GDP per capita about 28 percent lower ten years after … conflict onset. This is overwhelmingly driven by private consumption, which falls by 25 percent ten years after conflict onset …. Conflict is also associated with dramatic declines in official trade, with exports (imports) estimated to be 58 (34) percent …