dataset of 10 ASEAN countries from 1980 to 2017, this study examines the productivity and efficiency of the ASEAN economies … productivity index to provide estimates of gross technical efficiency, technical progress and returns to scale change, while taking … into account of transient and persistent efficiency. The results show that there is room for efficiency gains, as the ASEAN …

possibility of "bubbles" in financial markets, the theory of interest rates, and questions concerning optimal social security …