economic development. To answer this question, a new concept of the institutions-augmented Solow model is constructed. The … institutions-augmented Solow model fits the empirical data very well. It turns out that differences in physical capital, human … differences in economic development among the countries of the world. According to the institutions-augmented Solow model, the …

are guided by formal institutions as well as informal norms and values. As this survey shows, there is great regional … heterogeneity in gender inequality in formal and informal social institutions. The literature on long‐term drivers of gender gaps …, political and economic empowerment, access to resources, and social institutions on development outcomes. The paper then shows …