This paper documents the sources of the Republic of Korea's economic growth, as well as the associated productivity … growth and efficiency dynamics during its process of structural transformation from 1970 to 2016. The analysis includes land … makes significant differences in measuring the magnitudes and directions of change in sectoral total factor productivity …

productivity, but this effect was stronger in the areas in which railways were already built. Moreover, railways helped industrial … same time, the Kingdom of Italy started a large infrastructure project to spread railways, which were largely confined in … Northern Italy, all over the country. Using tools from spatial econometrics, we find that railways played a positive effect on …