The analysis finds that in addition to U-shaped paths of environmental quality arising for growth in income per capita, growth in population can also produce socially efficient patterns that are U-shaped. Sufficient conditions for both types of paths are identified for a range of models and...

The analysis finds that in addition to U-shaped paths of environmental quality arising for growth in income per capita, growth in population can also produce socially efficient patterns that are U-shaped. Sufficient conditions for both types of paths are identified for a range of models and...

The environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis, whereby pollution first increases then decreases as income increases, has generated a large literature beginning in the 1990s. The current analysis contributes to that literature in two main ways, one theoretical and one empirical. First, a novel...

The environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), whereby pollution first increases then decreases as income rises, has generated a large literature since the 1990s. The current analysis contributes to that literature in two main ways, one theoretical and one empirical. First, a novel theoretical approach...