Macroeconomic costs of conflict are generally very large, with GDP per capita about 28 percent lower ten years after … conflict onset. This is overwhelmingly driven by private consumption, which falls by 25 percent ten years after conflict onset …. Conflict is also associated with dramatic declines in official trade, with exports (imports) estimated to be 58 (34) percent …

heterogeneity on economic outcomes. The results confirm the generally found growth-reducing effect of ethnic heterogeneity but also …

only the material, economic welfare costs of conflict stemming from the altered path of consumption resulting from conflict …-peaceful world. But how much would individual be willing to pay to avoid just the economic costs of conflict? Remarkably, even these … pure economic welfare losses from conflict are quite large. I find that, on average, individuals who live in a country that …