South Africa has experienced high budget deficits accompanied by sluggish economic growth over the years. Fears mount that such a trend may worsen due to the advent of the Covid-19. Yet, the effect of budget deficit on economic growth remains one of the widely debated topics in economics. This...

We study the eventual structural differences of climate change leading ‘actors' such as Northern EU countries, and ‘lagging actors' - southern EU countries and the ‘Umbrella group' - with regard to long run (1960-2001) carbon-income relationships. Parametric and semi parametric panel...

Applications tend to ignore that measured TFP reflects the variation of output that cannot be explained by changes in inputs. Such a change is not necessarily technological, so measured TFP differences across firms are an amalgam of technological, efficiency and other differences in attributes,...

We study the eventual structural differences of climate change leading ‘actors’ such as Northern EU countries, and ‘lagging actors’ - southern EU countries and the ‘Umbrella group’ - with regard to long run (1960-2001) carbon-income relationships. Parametric and semi parametric panel...

In this paper, we propose a consistent nonparametric test for linearity in a large dimensional panel data model with interactive fixed effects. Both lagged dependent variables and conditional heteroskedasticity of unknown form are allowed in the model. We estimate the model under the null...

Rajan and Zingales (2003) hypothesize that openness—trade and financial—is a crucial determinant of financial development. The main policy implication emerging from this hypothesis is that openness should be promoted as a means of facilitating economic growth through financial development....

Aid flows are included into the standard cross-country catch-up relation. Robustness of the result is tested by changing time periods and by adding extra variables. The main results are: Absolute convergence and absolute aid effectiveness are both rejected. While conditional convergence is...

This paper considers kernel-based nonparametric estimation of panel models using local linear least squares, when both the fixed individual effects and the time effects present. The marginal effect is of the main interest. A within-group type nonparametric estimator is developed, where the...

This study evaluates the influence of natural resource rents and foreign aid on democracy using panel data from 45 SSA countries from 1980 to 2021. Using five different democracy indices, six different foreign aid variables and six different natural resource rent variables, our...

In an increasingly interconnected and sustainability-focused world, Europe embraces the process of digital transformation. The Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) serves as a compass, guiding policymakers, managers, and citizens through the complexities of this process, while also...