In this paper, we describe our investigation of the cointegration and causal relationships between energy consumption … energy, capital and labour as separate inputs of production. The empirical evidence points to a cointegration relationship … between energy and output and implies that energy is an important variable in the cointegration space, as are conventional …

of per capita energy consumption (LPCEC) and the logarithm of per capita GDP (LPCGDP) during the 1965-2008 period is … examined using the threshold cointegration and Granger causality tests. The estimation results indicate that the LPCEC and …

concerning the existence of a long and/or short-term relationship between the nominal GDP and nominal public expenditures, which … consist of current and capital expenditures. To address this question, we employ the VAR model, the Johansen Cointegration …

This paper examines the relationship between the logarithms of CO2 emissions and real GDP in China by applying … fractional integration and cointegration methods. The univariate results indicate that the two series are highly persistent …, their orders of integration being around 2, whilst the cointegration tests (using both standard and fractional techniques …

. Although neither of the two series (oil price and GDP growth rates) presents structural breaks in mean, we identify different … changes in oil prices and GDP growth when considering the full period. However, we find a significant relationship in some … framework. Finally, we obtain evidence, by means of a time-varying VAR, that the impact of the oil price shock on GDP growth has …

, unit root test, Johansen cointegration test and Granger causality test were employed to analyse the data. The results of …

HYPOTHESIS TESTS -- CHAPTER 5: HYPOTHESIS TESTING WITH REAL GDP: SOMEWHAT MIXED RESULTS -- CHAPTER 6: DERIVED DEMAND FOR LABOR … impact a nation’s ability to recover from negative aggregate demand shocks. Spanning total real GDP, per capita real GDP, and … demand on real GDP and employment levels in the long run. Hartman studies modern macroeconomic theories related to economic …