We extend the standard quality-ladder model with heterogeneous workers by including efficiency wages and unions. We …

Medoff (1984) and considering the more recent literature we first review unions' political power at the example of the US. We … conclude that trade unions have not been very successful in increasing its monopoly power during the last decades. We then … duties as representatives and thus cannot be seen as the parliamentary arm of the trade unions. However, we present …

Drawing on qualitative fieldwork in China's Guangdong and Zhejiang Provinces, the author asks how post-socialist unions … has had little success despite ongoing attempts by unions. The author explains variation in sectoral-level bargaining … global integration for Zhejiang and Guangdong, respectively. Despite having different organizational forms, unions in both …