Ownership is the essence of economic citizenship. Beyond actual possession, a sense of personal welfare and proprietorship, or at least the hope of achieving them, constitute a necessary and important complement to being stakeholders in a society. Together with efficacy and legitimacy, these are...

The middle-income trap is a serious problem in developing Asia and Pacific economies. Middle-income trap is the situation in which a country's growth slows after reaching middle-income levels and the transition to high-income levels becomes unattainable. International remittances of immigrants...

This case study traces the evolution of poverty in Mongolia, a country currently developing a pluralist approach to poverty alleviation. Mongolia is unique because it transformed from nomadic pastoralism to Soviet socialism without a natural industrial development though capital markets. In the...

This study explores the empirical relationship of poverty with the other economic variables trade, economic growth and poverty. The inter connections among these variables are extensively discussed in the literature. Yet many studies have shown that the theoretically anticipated relationship is...

Indonesia has a very good record of poverty reduction, having halved its incidence over the past two decades. Nevertheless, almost 30 million people still live below the national poverty line, mostly in rural areas and in certain provinces. In order to make further progress in lifting these...

Social protection has been a beneficial tool used by the government and other stakeholders to address challenges faced by the most vulnerable members of society. It has been a valuable strategy to include the poor as participants in our neo-liberal economy that disregards the weak. It gives the...

This paper estimates income gap ratios and Gini coefficients of poor Americans and combines them with official U.S. government poverty statistics to create a new time series of Sen indices of poverty. The effects of growth and other determinants of aggregate poverty are investigated over the...

A growing concern on widening income gap between the rich and the poor, the policy mismatch in tackling the relative poverty and income inequality have invited increasing volumes of research focusing on the nexus between equity and efficient growth. Developed countries have experienced the...

A growing concern on widening income gap between the rich and the poor, the policy mismatch in tackling the relative poverty and income inequality have invited increasing volumes of research focusing on the nexus between equity and efficient growth. Developed countries have experienced the...

Background: Since the latter part of the 20th Century, countries have been particularly challenged by the trade-off that exists between delivering generous welfare provisions and strong economic growth. Such dynamics have stimulated a need to better understand the causes of income inequality so...