estimates based on household surveys of the productive payoff in Sub-Saharan Africa to nutrition and health, as proxied by adult … height and weight-for-height, and to education, proxied by years of schooling completed, by level. Biases due to household … heterogeneity and sample selection are assessed in the cases of Ghana and Cote d'Ivoire. Political restrictions in South Africa …

resulted in a reduction of poverty in Africa. Inter-country variations in income and human poverty reinforce the established … patterns of well-being within the continent, as countries in Northern and Southern Africa have the lowest levels of poverty … indicative of the different facets of human development. These include public expenditure on education, primary school enrolment …

expenditures in education, health, and infrastructure on economic growth, poverty, and income distribution in the past 20 years …