Objective: The purpose of this article is to investigate the direct effects of student enrolment on industrial production and GDP while controlling other growth determinants such as physical capital investments and employment. Research Design & Methods: Educational effects on output, i.e....

Studies determining students' success in higher education mostly rely on students' predetermined baseline variables like high school GPA or ACT scores and, therefore, describe skill differences at the beginning of college but not the development of these differences over time. Whether ex-ante...