addressing corruption and weak enforcement of legal rights. The justice system is often slow and inefficient. And in the …

-shaped or downward-sloping pattern. Corruption may affect this relationship in two distinct ways: by raising pollution at given … corruption on pollution. The indirect effect via income is positive or negative depending on the income level. If negative, the … corruption. Because this relationship is particularly strong at low income levels, developing countries can considerably improve …

This paper tests whether corruption may act as an efficient grease for the wheels of an otherwise deficient … institutional framework. We analyze the interaction between aggregate efficiency, corruption, and other dimensions of governance for … a panel of 54 developed and developing countries. Using three measures of corruption and five measures of other aspects …

This paper investigates whether the costs of corruption are conditional on the extent of government intervention in the … economy. We use data on corruption convictions and economic growth between 1975 and 2007 across the U.S. states to test this … evidence for the "weak" form of the grease-the-wheels hypothesis. While corruption is never good for growth, its harmful …

A vast amount of research has considered numerous causes and correlates of corruption. Also, there have been many … and corruption appears scarce. After providing an intuitive and heuristic linkage between general economic uncertainty and … corruption, this article uses a large cross-country data set to augment a fairly standard model with simple proxies for …

This study examined organized crime, corruption, and their challenges to the economic growth of the Economic Community … of West African States (ECOWAS). Organized crime and corruption can have a grossly negative impact on the economic growth … growth, whereas, corruption significantly reduces economic growth. The study concludes that organized crime does not …