Fifty years ago, China sent more than 16 million urban youths aged 16-19 to rural villages to work and they spent between 1 and 10 years there. This is known as the "sent-down youth" (SDY) program. This paper examines how this internal migration impacted rural economic development in the regions...

Skill requirements in the labour market have significantly changed over the past two decades. The restructuring of the economy is making the labour market increasingly knowledge-based. The education system has reacted to this structural change, but as the pace has been relatively slow, many...

Labour market constraints constitute prominent obstacles to firm development and economic growth of countries located in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This paper aims at examining the implications of firm characteristics, national locations, and sectoral associations for the...