This study explores the nexus of digitalization, formalization, and global value chain (GVC) participation, providing … digitalization on enterprise formalization and GVC participation have been inferred without sufficient empirical support, while few … studies have examined the reciprocal impact of formalization on GVC participation. Utilizing probit and tobit estimations with …

India’s unorganized or informal manufacturing fell by 2.5 to 7.5 per cent in 2020-21, reflecting the impact of COVID-19. In … the previous eight years, the average rate of fall in employment in informal manufacturing was about 0.5 per cent per year …. Using PLFS data on employment and earnings, we estimate that nominal GVA in India’s unorganized manufacturing fell by 14 …

-digit manufacturing industries in 231 China's cities for the period 1998-2005, we find that specialization promotes city-industry growth …

the Chinese manufacturing sector. We use a potential market size measure driven only by changes in the Chinese income ….1 percentage points. These findings are robust controlling for export behaviour of firms and supply side drivers of R&D. …

quantitative theory to study the dynamic implications of informality on wage inequality, human capital accumulation, child labor … and long-run growth. Our model can generate transitory informality equilibria or informality-induced poverty traps. Its … calibration reveals that the case for the poverty-trap hypothesis is strong: although informality serves to protect low …

This paper develops and estimates an equilibrium model where heterogeneous firms can exploit two margins of informality … model encompasses the main competing frameworks for understanding informality and provides a natural setting to infer their … informality need not move in the same direction as a result of policy changes. Lower informality can be, but is not necessarily …