Intangible knowledge capital (IKC) - technology produced by workers but not embodied in them - can offset the "middle … income trap" as China exhausts the benefits of international technology transfer. IKC is productivity-enhancing among Chinese … China's IKC generates patents in China, but fewer than in major industrialized economies. Among domestically owned …

We analyze innovation in emerging and newly industrialized economies over the past 30 years, with the emphasis being on … Asian economies. We use US patent data to study how the innovative capabilities of Taiwan, Korea, Hong Kong and Singapore … innovation for Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong, India and China. We also study the relative importance of foreign …