We analyse the impact of instability caused by Arab Spring on co-movements and volatility spillovers of aggregated Financial Stress Indices for eight MENA countries. Using a dynamic frequency connectedness framework, we find that stress transmission between markets is higher at low frequencies...

Countries have made considerable efforts to diversify their energy sources from fossil fuels to renewables in the last two decades to achieve sustainable economic development. However, it is widely argued that the countries may experience sluggish economic development during the energy...