Inflation in advanced economies is low by historical standards but there is no threat of deflation. Slower economic … growth is caused by supply-side constraints rather than low inflation. Below-the-target inflation does not damage the … reputation of central banks. Thus, central banks should not try to bring inflation back to the targeted level of 2%. Rather, they …

-run trade-offs between output and inflation: lower trend inflation flattens the Phillips curve and decreases steady-state output … by increasing markups. We show that the aggregator reduces both the steady-state welfare cost of higher trend inflation … and the inflation-related weight in a model-based welfare function for higher trend inflation. Consequently, optimal trend …