Since the late 1970s, the Chinese government has been undertaking major efforts in developing their countries economy by means of industrial policy. However, a more narrow approach to industrial policy has been pursued only since 2010, with the initiation of the 'Strategic Emerging Industries'...

The state-business relationship in the 1960s and 70s was a vertical one where the state led the private sector. The government made the plan, provided the necessary resources, and later evaluated the performance of the entrepreneurs who executed the plan. In the 1980s, however, the relationship...

In the literature, there are few studies on the impacts of the railroad construction in the Middle Eastern countries as well mixed findings. Using the data on the population of judicial districts in the Ottoman Empire between 1893 and 1914, we examine the relationship between railroad access and...

In 1960, South Korea’s exports were about 1 percent of GDP, and the country’s ability to import depended almost entirely on US aid. After changing its foreign exchange and trade policies in the mid-1960s, Korea saw a surge in exports to more than 10 percent of GDP by the end of the decade....

Trade regionalism, through regional cooperation and integration and in the form of regional trade agreements (RTAs), is rising globally, although Asia has jumped on the bandwagon only recently. Asian economic integration is the second-best approach which Asian countries unfortunately have to...

Since the late 1970s, the Chinese government has been undertaking major efforts in developing their countries economy by means of industrial policy. However, a more narrow approach to industrial policy has been pursued only since 2010, with the initiation of the 'Strategic Emerging Industries'...

The underlying objective of the study is to examine the role of transport infrastructure expenditure incurred by the public sector on ecological footprint while controlling the factors like urbanization, mobile use, electricity consumption, and economic growth in India. In order to implicate the...

During the last three decades, dependence on foreign trade has increased sharply in Malaysia, causing the Malaysian economy to become increasingly export-oriented. The global financial crisis (GFC) affected Malaysia?s economic growth tremendously in the fourth quarter of 2008, and policy makers...