used are the ARDL approach for the individual country and the panel data analysis for the entire sample. The period … summarized as follows: First, the estimation results suggest that Okun’s Law is valid, and hence job creation is associated with … Turkey. Fourth, our panel data analyses suggest that Okun’s Law is valid for the entire MENA sample; however, our estimations …

-parametric approach using functionally defined labor markets as study areas and the application of spatial econometric panel data models …

spatial panel model with fixed effects. The model presented provides evidence of the importance of increasing returns to scale …