, economic freedom that emerges as a result of costly lobbying efforts may be less fruitful. In an extreme case, costly lobbying … efforts may even negate the growth-enhancing effect of economic freedom. To the extent that lobbying efforts constitute an … of lobbying is greater the more efficient is the institutional environment. Panel data analysis reveals the expected …

across sectors, attracting substantial lobbying efforts by special interest groups. Yet, the link between structural change … and lobbying remains underexplored. Using more than 150 years of data on parliamentary petitions in USA and Britain, we … measure historical lobbying and document several stylized facts. First, lobbying over industrial policies follows a hump …