the economies of Russia and the euro area. The effects of sanctions are analyzed with a structural vector autoregression …The conflict between Russia and Ukraine that started in March 2014 led Western countries and Russia to impose economic … sanctions on each other, including the euro zone members. The paper investigates the impact of the sanctions on the real side of …

renewed US pressure on banks from third countries dealing with Russia. The effectiveness of trade sanctions crucially hinges … countries. Our calculations suggest that in 2023, the share of sanctioned CHP items that Russia was able to obtain ranged from …

threat, balance, sanction, boycott, and critique are more likely to reinforce that condition than change it. The alternative …

of the sanction effect and allows for counterfactual analysis of no - sanctions. Increased ope nness is shown to reduce … consistent with the observation that economic growth under sanctions has been slow and with an increase in the relative wage of …