Estimations of the size and development of the shadow economy for 145 countries, including developing, transition and highly developed OECD economies over the period 1999 to 2003 are presented. The average size of the shadow economy (as a percent of officialʺ GDP) in 2002/03 in 96 developing...

The purpose of this paper is to develop a testable theory, the interaction thesis, capable of explaining why do we observe differences in economic stability and growth rates between various countries; or - the same thing - why less efficient countries do not duplicate economic policies of more...