Islam, G. Makdisi argues that the concept of university education was originated and developed in Christian traditions. He … further contends that the Institutions of learning in Islam originated and developed from a different social, religious, and …

Early Islam and the Birth of Capitalism proposes a strikingly original thesis—that capitalism first emerged in Arabia …, not in late medieval Italian city states as is commonly assumed. Early Islam made a seminal but largely unrecognized … dynasty of religious, civil, and commercial leaders, Muhammad was a successful businessman before founding Islam. As such, the …