The EU transfers provided to the New Member States and candidate countries are generally viewed as having been efficiently used in promoting development in these economies. This paper examines the conditionality and institutional arrangements used to manage these transfers, and asks if there are...

This report analyzes the specific factors that affect the competitiveness of developing countries in global value chains (GVCs), and how these factors differ across four major economic sectors: agriculture, extractive industries, manufacturing and offshore services. Although integration into...

This paper explores income and consumption smoothing patterns among ECOWAS countries during the period 1980-2016.It is relevant given the willingness of heads of state in the region to create a single currency. Indeed, in a monetary union, asymmetric shocks are not problematic if risk-sharing...