the loses to the low paid. Product market integration may thus lead to a more inequal distribution of wages and employment …, even though there are aggregate gains in terms of higher real incomes and employment. …

of employment across countries and thus a change in the trade-off between wages and employment faced by wage setters …. While the effects of product market integration on the trade-off between wages and employment in general is ambiguous, it is … through trade. Unambiguously, real wages and employment and welfare improve upon reductions in trade frictions, and therefore …

the loses to the low paid. Product market integration may thus lead to a more unequal distribution of wages and employment …, even though there are aggregate gains in terms of higher real incomes and employment …

the loses to the low paid. Product market integration may thus lead to a more inequal distribution of wages and employment …, even though there are aggregate gains in terms of higher real incomes and employment. …

central planner eliminates union power altogether to have full employment. On the other hand, if (b) is more effective than (a …