trade restrictions in recent years. This paper examines the trade patterns of North Korea with its 19 major trading partners … over the period 1989-2016. Moreover, the paper quantifies the trade barriers between North Korea and the rest of the world … by estimating border effects in a gravity model framework. The findings indicate that North Korea's trade with developed …

The impact of globalization in terms of bilateral trade is a renowned theoretical underpinning in the literature …. Nevertheless, testing a trade integration model of bilateral trade is not sufficiently well estimated with the Bayesian approach to … provide pragmatic evidence of trade integration from the digitalization in Asia. Moreover, in identifying the factors …

The proposed Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is a free trade agreement among 12 Pacific Rim countries whose joint gross … domestic products (GDPs) account for 36 percent of world GDP and whose mutual trade accounts for approximately 24 percent of … world trade. As for most proposed free trade agreements (FTAs), trade economists have provided ex ante computable general …

- horizontal versus vertica l- within the European Union and the relevance of trade integration as a potential determinant of … investment flows over the period 1995-2009. We capture trade integration by estimating the magnitude and evolution of the home … robust relationship of complementarity between trade integration and FDI provides at least one argument in support of …

This paper investigates bilateral trade flows and the level of openness across ECOWAS-15 nations for the period of 1981 … techniques. Financial openness under FMOLS and CCR was negatively significant. Trade openness was found to be negatively … trade; also there is a negative effect of trade flow among ECOWAS members. Moreover, the level of financial and trade …

This paper presents two empirical tools to quantify the impacts of tariff changes on bilateral trade and welfare. Both … trade for 5,020 products in a partial equilibrium framework. The second tool quantifies the impact on bilateral aggregate … trade in a general equilibrium setup, allowing estimates of trade reallocation and welfare changes. These tools are used to …

– horizontal versus vertical – within the European Union and the relevance of trade integration as a potential determinant of … investment flows over the period 1995-2009. We capture trade integration by estimating the magnitude and evolution of the home … robust relationship of complementarity between trade integration and FDI provides at least one argument in support of …

trade that historically have been addressed largely separately: the (partial) effects on trade of economic integration … of economic integration agreements (EIAs) on members’ trade may be biased upward owing to inadequate control for … intranational trade); we find evidence of this bias using a properly specified gravity equation. Second, our novel methodology …

We use a unique case study to estimate the effect of withdrawing from a free trade agreement on international trade … the withdrawal from a trade agreement affects trade. We analyze a quasi-natural experiment to provide first empirical …"). Based on the gravity model of international trade, we provide evidence from triple difference-in-differences as well as PPML …

real export, while non-EU countries experience an increase due to trade diversion effects. Similarly, I also investigate … potential future free trade agreements like TTIP. …