Artículo de revista ; The article summarises the findings obtained in the estimation of an economic crisis early warning model for the euro area countries. These findings show that monitoring five variables that may indicate the emergence of macro-financial imbalances – current account...

Artículo de revista ; In recent years, information on the usage of cards as a means of payment has been increasingly used as an indicator of private consumption. The advantages of such information include its daily frequency and the short time lag from the moment of spending until it becomes...

Rationale Inflation has risen continuously since December 2020. The increase was initially confined to the energy component, but has subsequently spread to food and the other components. It is important to understand the extent to which the spread of inflation is the result of higher energy...