We introduce the new price probability measure, which entirely depends on the probability measures of the value and the volume of the market trades. We define the nth statistical moment of the price as the ratio of the nth statistical moment of the value to the nth statistical moment of the...

This paper develops economic theory framework free from general equilibrium assumptions. We describe macroeconomics as system of economic agents under action of n risks. Economic and financial variables of agents, their expectations and transactions between agents define macroeconomic variables....

This paper models price volatility through description of the second-degree transactions and expectations averaged by time interval Δ. We call it - the second-order economic theory. First two price statistical moments define volatility. To model volatility one needs description of the squares...

This paper presents applications of our theory to description of particular economic problems. We give all definitions and equations in Part I and II of our work. Here we argue propagation of small perturbations of economic variables and transactions on economic space. We show that small...

This paper presents further development of our economic model (see Part I). We describe economic and financial transactions between agents as factors that define evolution of economic variables. We show that change of risk ratings of agents as their coordinates on economic space due to their...

We consider mandatory components of the economic theory: two scales and four dimensions composed by collective agent’s economic variables, transactions and expectations and by the economic policy. We consider all economic variables, transactions and expectations on an equal footing and don’t...

Macroeconomic variables are composed by agent’s variables. In turn, sums of agent’s trade values or volumes determine evolution of agent’s variables. In conclusion, agent’s expectations govern agent’s trade decisions. We consider economic agents, agent’s variables, agent’s trades...

Accuracy of economic theories and efficiency of economic policy strictly depend on the choice of the economic variables and processes mostly liable for description of economic reality. That states the general problem of assessment of any possible economic variables and processes chargeable for...