alternative Third Vote election method. Under the Third Vote, electors cast no votes for parties by name. The electoral ballot … defense spending?'-Yes/No, etc.), and the parties answer to these questions before the elections - as required by the Wahl …. Finally, we discuss mixed election procedures combining the Third Vote with the conventional voting by party name and analyze …

1975 - 2010, and subnationally, using a new data set on subnational election results and oil production in Nigeria. Our …

unknown and party-identification cannot be used to distinguish them. This case often appears in election systems with either … experimental exit-poll of voters at local elections in two German states in 2014 in which respondents faced a hypothetical election … translates directly into a greater willingness to take part in the hypothetical election (“turnout”), especially for individuals …