This paper surveys the most significant problems of the pension systems of EU11 countries. These nations had to transform their old-age social security systems after replacing a state-socialist economic order with a capitalist one. Stressing common as well as specific features, our paper...

Eastern European countries have been transitioning out of communism and some have followed the Latin American and European countries' path of changing from a public social security system, toward a system that includes private accounts. They have chosen mixed systems with private as well as...

This paper explores the development of Kosovo's transformation into a market economy. The first objective is to explore the transition from a centrally planned to an open market economy in Kosovo and to examine the challenges of this transformation over the years. In addition, the paper provides...