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In many countries occur problems from unfunded mandates related to a shift of a function by an upper tier of government to lower rank governments without providing the lower one with financial means to perform these functions. The authors define the unfunded mandates and clarify how they relate...
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In Western economies, the concrete design of fiscal federalism is determined by the status the federation grants to regionally comparable economic and social conditions, and to what extent this status is anchored in the constitution. If the political and social acceptance of regional differences...
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Intergovernmental transfers can be either conditional or unconditional with regard to the autonomy of local governments in spending such financial means. Although fiscal decentralisation has recently been quite pronounced in Eastern European transition countries, the dominance of a purpose- and...
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Transformation, Russland, Mittelschicht, Kleinunternehmer, Niznij Novgorod, Vertrauen, Sozialkapital. - Im Mittelpunkt …. Damit soll ein Beitrag zum Verständnis der Transformation in Russland geleistet werden. Jeder erfolgreichen … wie folgt zusammenfassen: Einerseits spielt personelles Vertrauen in Russland nach wie vor eine relativ große Rolle: die …
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