This paper proposes a theory that explains how political transitions deal with incumbent judiciaries. We argue that a new political regime compares the benefit of reshaping the judiciary with loyal appointees against the political and economic costs of directly interfering, including the cost of...

The article is dedicated to the theoretical and practical questions of the legal and political transformation determinants of the Russian judicial system. A judicial reform is a consequence and an indicator of the process of moving to the legal state, market economy, and civil society as the...