in high income countries, but increases corruption in low income countries. Finally, the various estimation methods are … regulations are the driving forces of the shadow economy. Furthermore, the results show that the shadow economy reduces corruption …

in high income countries, but increases corruption in low income countries. Finally, the various estimation methods are … regulations are the driving forces of the shadow economy. Furthermore, the results show that the shadow economy reduces corruption … ; regulation ; MIMIC and other estimation methods …

economy reduces corruption in high-income countries, but increases corruption in low income countries. Finally, the various … estimation methods are discussed and critically evaluated …

economy reduces corruption in high income countries, but increases corruption in low income countries. Finally, the various … estimation methods are discussed and critically evaluated …

corruption in low income countries. Finally, the various estimation methods are discussed and critically evaluated … economy. Furthermore, the results show that the shadow economy reduces corruption in high income countries, but increases …

This paper argues that corruption in Russia is systemic in nature. Low wage levels of public officials provide strong … incentives to engage in corruption. As corruption is illegal, corrupt officials can be exposed any time, which enforces loyalty … towards the powers that be; thus corruption is a method of governance. We trace the systemic corruption back to the Mongolian …

This paper argues that corruption in Russia is systemic in nature. Low wage levels of public officials provide strong … incentives to engage in corruption. As corruption is illegal, corrupt officials can be exposed any time, which enforces loyalty … towards the powers that be; thus corruption is a method of governance. We trace the systemic corruption back to the Mongolian …

In this paper, we study the evolution of corruption patterns in 27 postcommunist countries during the period 1996 …-2012 using the Control of Corruption Index and the corruption category Markov transition probability matrix. This method allows … us to generate the long-run distribution of corruption among the post-communist countries. Our empirical findings suggest …

. Overall, our findings suggest that the proclivity to corruption of the former Communist party members has been transmitted … through family and thus sustained over time, contributing to corruption decades after the demise of the Socialist bloc. …

micro-level decisions are related to each other. In micro empirical analysis, this interdependence of corruption decisions … can be addressed through the hierarchical modelling of corruption data. Exploiting a baseline sample of 34,358 bribe … reports of firms from 71 developing and transition countries, I use a three-level estimation framework to re-examine the …