While it is well-known that state enterprises in transition economies were displaced by private enterprises at a macro-level, little is known about whether private entrepreneurs emerged in a way that helped preserve or shift pre-existing agglomerations of industrial activity at a...

This paper examines the extent to which firms in selected MENA countries reported being constrained by the business environment around the time of the Arab Spring and the extent to which these constraints affected their employment performance. The results suggest that small firms in MENA faced...